What You Need To Know About Type 1 Diabetes

Understanding Type 1 Diabetes: A Guide for Newly Diagnosed Individuals and Their Families

If you or someone you love has just been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes, it’s completely understandable to feel overwhelmed. There’s a lot to take in, and it might feel like life has suddenly changed overnight. You might have questions about what caused it, what treatment involves, and how it will affect daily life. It’s okay to feel unsure at first, but you’re not alone in this.

This guide is here to help. We know how much there is to learn, and we want to make things easier by explaining the key facts in a way that makes sense. We’ll cover what Type 1 Diabetes is, how it’s managed, and what life with the condition looks like. Whether the diagnosis is for yourself, your child, or another loved one, having the right information can make all the difference.

Living with Type 1 Diabetes comes with challenges, but millions of people manage it every day and still do everything they love. It takes time to adjust, but with the right support and knowledge, you’ll find your way. This article is here to reassure you, answer questions, and help you move forward with confidence.

What is Type 1 Diabetes? Understanding the Condition and What It Means for You

Finding out that you or someone you love has Type 1 Diabetes can feel like a lot to process. You might have heard of diabetes before, but you may not have realised there are different types. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition, which means the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. This stops the body from producing insulin at all, which is why people with Type 1 Diabetes need to take insulin every day.

Unlike Type 2 Diabetes, which can be linked to lifestyle and often develops later in life, Type 1 Diabetes isn’t caused by diet or anything a person has done. It can develop at any age, but it’s most often diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults. Scientists still aren’t sure exactly what triggers it, though genetics and environmental factors may play a role.

What Happens in the Body?

Insulin is a hormone that helps the body turn sugar from food into energy. Normally, when you eat, the pancreas releases insulin to move glucose from the bloodstream into the body’s cells. When someone has Type 1 Diabetes, their pancreas can’t do this because the cells that make insulin have been destroyed.

Without insulin, blood sugar levels rise too high, which can make a person feel unwell. If left untreated, it can lead to serious problems. That’s why people with Type 1 Diabetes need to check their blood sugar levels and take insulin throughout the day.

How is Type 1 Diabetes Managed?

Once someone is diagnosed, they’ll need insulin to keep their blood sugar levels in a healthy range. There are different ways to take insulin, including injections and insulin pumps. Blood sugar levels also need to be monitored regularly, either with a finger-prick test or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

Balancing insulin, food, and activity takes some getting used to, but over time, it becomes part of daily life. Many people with Type 1 Diabetes do everything they did before their diagnosis—play sports, travel, and follow their dreams—while keeping an eye on their blood sugar levels.

Moving Forward After a Diagnosis

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis can feel overwhelming at first, but there is plenty of support available. Doctors, diabetes nurses, and dietitians can help answer questions and guide you through the first steps. There are also online communities and local groups where people share their experiences and advice.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes takes some adjustments, but with the right information and support, it becomes part of life. There’s nothing that someone with Type 1 Diabetes can’t do—with a bit of planning, they can live life to the fullest.

Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes: What You Need to Know About the Differences

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes, you may have come across a lot of confusion about the condition. Many people assume all diabetes is the same, but Type 1 and Type 2 are very different. Understanding these differences can help you manage the condition more confidently and explain it to others when needed.

Why Do People Get Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes? The Causes Are Completely Different

One of the biggest misunderstandings about diabetes is what causes it. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease, which means the body’s own immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This process happens for reasons that aren’t fully understood yet. Scientists believe a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers may be involved, but it is not caused by diet or lifestyle choices. Nothing could have been done to prevent it.

Type 2 Diabetes, on the other hand, develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough to keep blood sugar levels under control. This is often linked to genetics, age, and lifestyle factors such as diet, weight, and activity levels. Unlike Type 1, Type 2 can sometimes be delayed or even prevented with early lifestyle changes.

The Age Factor: Why Type 1 is Often Diagnosed in Children and Type 2 in Adults

Type 1 Diabetes can develop at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults. The symptoms usually come on quickly over a few weeks, which is why many people are diagnosed in hospital when they become very unwell.

Type 2 Diabetes is more common in adults over 40, though it is increasingly being diagnosed in younger people due to changes in diet and activity levels. Unlike Type 1, the symptoms of Type 2 develop gradually, often over months or even years. Some people don’t realise they have it until they have a routine blood test.

Symptoms: How to Tell the Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2

Both types of diabetes share similar warning signs, including:

• Feeling extremely thirsty
• Frequent urination
• Unexplained weight loss
• Feeling very tired
• Blurred vision

However, Type 1 Diabetes symptoms usually appear suddenly, while Type 2 symptoms can develop more slowly. If Type 1 Diabetes is not diagnosed in time, it can lead to a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which requires urgent medical attention. This is why it’s so important to recognise the symptoms early.

Treatment: Why People With Type 1 Diabetes Must Take Insulin Every Day

The biggest difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes is how they are managed. People with Type 1 Diabetes must take insulin every day for the rest of their lives because their bodies cannot produce any at all. They also need to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly using a blood glucose monitor or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

Type 2 Diabetes is managed differently. Some people can control their blood sugar through diet and exercise, while others need medication. In some cases, insulin may be needed, but this is usually in later stages of the condition when the body’s insulin production has slowed down.

Why It’s Important to Understand the Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2

Because Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes share the same name, it’s easy for people to confuse them. Unfortunately, this often leads to misunderstandings, such as people assuming that Type 1 Diabetes is caused by eating too much sugar or that it can be reversed with lifestyle changes.

These misconceptions can be frustrating, but knowing the facts can help you educate others. Type 1 Diabetes is not preventable, and there is currently no cure. However, with insulin treatment and good management, people with Type 1 Diabetes can live long, healthy lives. Understanding the difference between the two conditions is important for raising awareness and ensuring that people with Type 1 Diabetes get the right support.

Recognising the Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes: What to Look Out For and When to See a Doctor

Type 1 Diabetes can develop quickly, and recognising the signs early can make a huge difference. Many people don’t realise they have it until symptoms become severe, often leading to a hospital visit. If left untreated, Type 1 Diabetes can cause dangerous complications, so knowing what to watch for is important.

If you or someone you love has been feeling unwell and experiencing unusual symptoms, it’s worth understanding how Type 1 Diabetes presents itself. This can help ensure a faster diagnosis and prevent more serious health issues.

The Most Common Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes can appear suddenly over a matter of weeks. Some of the most noticeable symptoms include:

• Feeling extremely thirsty all the time, no matter how much you drink
• Going to the toilet more often, especially at night
• Feeling unusually tired and lacking energy
• Losing weight without trying
• Feeling constantly hungry even after eating
• Blurred vision
• Cuts or wounds taking longer to heal
• Frequent infections, such as thrush or urinary tract infections

These symptoms occur because the body can no longer produce insulin, meaning glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy. The body then tries to get rid of the excess sugar through urine, which is why increased thirst and frequent trips to the toilet are so common.

The Danger of Ignoring Symptoms: When to Seek Urgent Help

Because Type 1 Diabetes develops so quickly, symptoms can go from mild to severe in a short space of time. If left untreated, the body starts breaking down fat as an alternative source of energy, which leads to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

DKA is a medical emergency that requires urgent treatment in hospital. Signs of DKA include:

• Feeling extremely sick or vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Rapid breathing or breath that smells fruity
• Feeling confused or disoriented
• Severe drowsiness or difficulty staying awake

DKA can be life-threatening if not treated quickly, so if you notice these symptoms, you should seek medical help immediately. Many people are diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes when they are already in DKA, which is why it’s so important to recognise the early signs before it reaches this stage.

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms in Children: What Parents Should Know

Type 1 Diabetes is often diagnosed in children, and the symptoms may not always be obvious at first. Parents might notice their child drinking more fluids than usual, wetting the bed when they previously had dry nights, or seeming unusually tired. Some children may also develop mood swings or become irritable for no apparent reason.

If you suspect your child might have Type 1 Diabetes, it’s always best to get them checked by a doctor as soon as possible. A simple blood test can confirm whether their blood sugar levels are too high. Early diagnosis can prevent serious illness and make starting treatment much easier.

What to Do if You Suspect Type 1 Diabetes

If you or a loved one is showing symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes, the best thing to do is visit a doctor as soon as possible. A simple finger-prick test or a blood test can check glucose levels, and further tests can confirm a diagnosis.

Unlike Type 2 Diabetes, Type 1 cannot be reversed or managed through diet and exercise alone. Insulin treatment is needed straight away to bring blood sugar levels back to normal. The earlier this happens, the better.

If you are unsure about your symptoms, it’s always better to get checked than to wait. Type 1 Diabetes can be managed well with the right treatment, but early diagnosis is key to avoiding serious complications.

How is Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed? Understanding the Tests and What to Expect

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes, getting a diagnosis as soon as possible is crucial. Type 1 Diabetes develops quickly, and without treatment, it can lead to serious complications. The good news is that doctors can diagnose it with simple blood tests, and once diagnosed, treatment can begin immediately.

If you’re worried about what the process involves, understanding how Type 1 Diabetes is diagnosed can help ease concerns and make you feel more prepared.

The First Steps: Recognising the Signs and Seeing a Doctor

Most people seek medical help because they or their child have started experiencing symptoms such as extreme thirst, weight loss, or frequent urination. A doctor will usually start by asking about symptoms and carrying out a quick finger-prick blood test or a urine test. These initial tests can provide a strong indication of diabetes by detecting high blood sugar levels.

If diabetes is suspected, further blood tests will be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine whether it is Type 1 or Type 2.

The Key Tests Used to Diagnose Type 1 Diabetes

Doctors use several blood tests to diagnose Type 1 Diabetes. These include:

• Random blood glucose test – This checks blood sugar levels at any time of the day. If levels are high, it indicates diabetes.
• Fasting blood glucose test – This test is done after not eating or drinking (except water) for at least eight hours. High levels of glucose in the blood suggest diabetes.
• HbA1c test – This measures average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. A result of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher suggests diabetes.
• Autoantibody test – This helps confirm if the diabetes is Type 1 by checking for antibodies that attack insulin-producing cells. These antibodies are present in people with Type 1 but not in Type 2.
• C-peptide test – This measures how much insulin the pancreas is producing. People with Type 1 Diabetes have very little or no insulin, while those with Type 2 may still produce some.

Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Emergencies

For many people, Type 1 Diabetes is diagnosed when they are already very unwell. If blood sugar levels have been dangerously high for some time, the body can develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition that requires emergency treatment.

Symptoms of DKA include vomiting, dehydration, stomach pain, rapid breathing, and confusion. If a doctor suspects DKA, they will run urgent blood tests to check for ketones, which are acids that build up in the blood when the body starts breaking down fat for energy.

If you or someone you know is showing signs of DKA, seek emergency medical help immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent life-threatening complications.

What Happens After a Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis?

Being diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes can feel overwhelming, but doctors and diabetes specialists will provide guidance and support to help you adjust. After diagnosis, you will learn how to:

• Take insulin through injections or a pump
• Monitor blood sugar levels using a glucose meter or continuous glucose monitor (CGM)
• Recognise and treat low or high blood sugar episodes
• Understand how food, exercise, and stress affect blood sugar levels

For children, parents will be given full support on managing their child’s diabetes, including how to give insulin, monitor blood sugar, and inform schools or caregivers about their needs.

Why Early Diagnosis is So Important

Type 1 Diabetes cannot be prevented, but catching it early can stop dangerous complications like DKA. Many people experience relief once they start insulin treatment, as their symptoms improve quickly.

If you suspect Type 1 Diabetes, don’t wait to see if symptoms go away. A simple blood test can provide answers, and the sooner treatment starts, the better it is for long-term health. Doctors and diabetes care teams are there to help, and with the right support, managing Type 1 Diabetes becomes part of everyday life.

The Role of Insulin in the Body: Why It’s Essential and How It Works

Insulin is a hormone that plays a vital role in keeping the body working properly. It helps control blood sugar levels and allows the body to use glucose for energy. Without insulin, blood sugar levels rise too high, which can lead to serious health complications.

For people with Type 1 Diabetes, the body no longer produces insulin because the immune system has mistakenly attacked the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This means insulin must be replaced through injections or an insulin pump. Understanding how insulin works can make managing Type 1 Diabetes easier and help prevent complications.

What Does Insulin Do? Understanding How the Body Uses Sugar

Whenever we eat, our bodies break down food into different nutrients, including glucose, which is a type of sugar. Glucose enters the bloodstream and is used by the body’s cells for energy.

Insulin acts as a key that unlocks the cells, allowing glucose to move from the blood into the cells where it can be used for energy. Without insulin, glucose stays in the bloodstream, causing blood sugar levels to rise. If this happens for too long, it can lead to serious health problems.

What Happens When the Body Doesn’t Make Insulin?

People without diabetes don’t need to think about insulin because their pancreas automatically releases the right amount based on what they eat and how active they are. However, when someone has Type 1 Diabetes, their pancreas no longer produces insulin, so they need to take it manually.

Without insulin, the body starts breaking down fat for energy instead, which produces ketones. If too many ketones build up in the blood, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a dangerous and potentially life-threatening condition. This is why taking insulin regularly is so important for people with Type 1 Diabetes.

Different Types of Insulin and How They Work

There are several types of insulin, and each works differently. People with Type 1 Diabetes usually need a combination of different types to keep their blood sugar levels stable throughout the day. The main types of insulin include:

• Rapid-acting insulin – Works within minutes and is used before meals to manage blood sugar spikes from food.
• Short-acting insulin – Also taken before meals, but takes slightly longer to work and lasts a bit longer than rapid-acting insulin.
• Intermediate-acting insulin – Works over several hours to provide background insulin throughout the day.
• Long-acting insulin – Provides a steady level of insulin for a full 24 hours to help keep blood sugar levels stable between meals and overnight.

Some people use insulin pumps, which provide a continuous flow of insulin throughout the day and can be adjusted as needed. Others prefer insulin pens or syringes for injections.

Balancing Insulin, Food, and Activity

Taking insulin is just one part of managing Type 1 Diabetes. Since insulin helps the body use glucose, it’s important to balance insulin doses with food intake and physical activity.

• Eating carbohydrates increases blood sugar levels, so insulin is needed to bring levels down.
• Exercise can lower blood sugar, so insulin doses may need to be adjusted before or after activity.
• Stress and illness can also affect blood sugar levels, meaning insulin needs might change temporarily.

Because so many factors influence blood sugar levels, people with Type 1 Diabetes must check their levels regularly and adjust their insulin doses when needed.

Life Without Insulin: Why It’s Not an Option for Type 1 Diabetes

Before insulin was discovered in 1921, Type 1 Diabetes was always fatal. People with the condition had no way to control their blood sugar levels, and most did not survive long after diagnosis. Thanks to insulin treatment, people with Type 1 Diabetes can now live full and healthy lives.

Managing insulin levels takes time to learn, and everyone’s needs are different. However, with regular monitoring, the right insulin doses, and support from healthcare professionals, people with Type 1 Diabetes can keep their blood sugar levels in a safe range and avoid complications.

Insulin isn’t a cure, but it’s a life-saving treatment. Research is ongoing to find new ways to make insulin therapy easier, with options like smart insulin pens, closed-loop insulin pump systems, and even potential future cures through stem cell research.

Understanding insulin and how it works can help make managing Type 1 Diabetes feel less overwhelming. With the right information and support, taking insulin becomes just another part of daily life.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes: How to Handle Daily Life and Long-Term Health

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis changes the way you manage daily life, but it doesn’t mean you can’t do everything you love. With the right routine and support, people with Type 1 Diabetes can live full, active, and healthy lives. Managing diabetes is about finding a balance between insulin, food, activity, and overall well-being. While it can feel overwhelming at first, it becomes second nature over time.

Daily Routine: What Life with Type 1 Diabetes Looks Like

People with Type 1 Diabetes need to think about their blood sugar levels throughout the day. This means checking levels regularly, taking insulin, and adjusting doses based on food, exercise, and other factors. Daily management usually includes:

• Checking blood sugar levels – This can be done using a finger-prick test or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Regular checks help prevent levels from going too high or too low.
• Taking insulin – This is essential for keeping blood sugar within a safe range. Some people use injections, while others use insulin pumps that provide a continuous supply of insulin throughout the day.
• Planning meals – Carbohydrates have the biggest impact on blood sugar levels, so knowing how much insulin is needed for different meals is important.
• Staying active – Exercise is great for overall health, but it can affect blood sugar in different ways. Checking levels before, during, and after activity helps prevent low blood sugar.

Balancing all of this can feel like a lot at first, but most people quickly learn what works best for them.

The Importance of Blood Sugar Monitoring

Since Type 1 Diabetes means the body doesn’t produce insulin, blood sugar levels can rise or fall quickly. Checking levels regularly helps prevent problems like high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) or low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).

• High blood sugar can happen if there isn’t enough insulin in the body. Signs include thirst, tiredness, and needing to go to the toilet more often.
• Low blood sugar happens when there is too much insulin or not enough food. Symptoms include shaking, sweating, dizziness, and confusion.

By keeping track of levels, people can make adjustments before problems occur.

Long-Term Health and Preventing Complications

Good diabetes management helps prevent long-term health issues. Over time, high blood sugar levels can affect the nerves, eyes, kidneys, and heart. However, keeping blood sugar levels within a target range reduces the risk of complications.

Regular health check-ups help spot any early signs of problems. These include:

• Eye tests to check for diabetic retinopathy, a condition that affects vision.
• Blood pressure and cholesterol checks to lower the risk of heart disease.
• Foot checks to prevent nerve damage that can affect circulation.

With good control, people with Type 1 Diabetes can live long, healthy lives without major complications.

Emotional Well-Being: Coping with the Challenges of Type 1 Diabetes

Managing diabetes isn’t just about physical health—it can also take an emotional toll. Constantly thinking about blood sugar levels, insulin doses, and food choices can sometimes feel exhausting. It’s important to have support and take care of mental well-being.

• Talking to other people with Type 1 Diabetes can help. There are many online and in-person support groups.
• Keeping a flexible mindset is important. Some days blood sugar levels won’t behave as expected, and that’s okay.
• Speaking to a doctor, diabetes nurse, or counsellor can help if diabetes feels overwhelming.

Finding a Routine That Works

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to managing Type 1 Diabetes. Everyone’s body responds differently, and what works for one person might not work for another. Some people prefer insulin pumps, while others prefer injections. Some like to plan meals in detail, while others take a more relaxed approach. The key is to find a system that fits into daily life while keeping blood sugar levels stable.

Over time, managing Type 1 Diabetes becomes second nature. With the right knowledge, tools, and support, people can live full and active lives without letting diabetes hold them back.

Understanding Blood Sugar Levels: How to Monitor and Maintain a Healthy Balance

Keeping blood sugar levels stable is one of the most important parts of managing Type 1 Diabetes. Since the body no longer produces insulin, blood sugar levels can rise too high or drop too low if not carefully monitored. Learning how to check and manage blood sugar levels can help prevent complications and make daily life easier.

At first, keeping track of blood sugar may feel overwhelming, but with the right tools and knowledge, it soon becomes routine.

Why Blood Sugar Levels Matter

Blood sugar, or glucose, is the body’s main source of energy. In people without diabetes, insulin helps keep blood sugar levels within a normal range. However, in Type 1 Diabetes, insulin must be taken manually to prevent dangerous fluctuations.

When blood sugar levels are too high (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia), it can affect how a person feels and cause serious health risks. Keeping levels within a target range helps maintain energy levels, prevent complications, and improve overall well-being.

How to Check Blood Sugar Levels

People with Type 1 Diabetes need to check their blood sugar multiple times a day. This can be done using:

• A finger-prick blood glucose monitor – A small drop of blood is placed on a test strip to measure glucose levels.
• A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) – A small sensor placed under the skin measures glucose levels in real-time and sends readings to a device or smartphone.

Most people check their levels before meals, before and after exercise, and before bed. Some may need to check more often if they are unwell or adjusting their insulin doses.

Understanding Blood Sugar Readings

Blood sugar levels are measured in millimoles per litre (mmol/L) in the UK. The target range for most people with Type 1 Diabetes is:

• Before meals: 4–7 mmol/L
• After meals: 5–9 mmol/L

If blood sugar levels are consistently outside this range, insulin doses may need adjusting.

What Happens When Blood Sugar is Too High?

High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) happens when there isn’t enough insulin in the body. This can be caused by missing an insulin dose, eating more carbohydrates than expected, stress, or illness. Symptoms include:

• Increased thirst
• Needing to urinate more often
• Feeling tired
• Blurred vision

If high blood sugar isn’t treated, it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a medical emergency. Managing high blood sugar quickly by taking insulin, drinking water, and checking ketone levels can help prevent complications.

What Happens When Blood Sugar is Too Low?

Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) happens when there is too much insulin or not enough food. This is more common after exercise or if a meal is delayed. Symptoms include:

• Shaking or sweating
• Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
• Feeling confused or weak
• Hunger
• Irritability

If blood sugar drops too low, it needs to be treated immediately by eating fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or sweets. After 10–15 minutes, blood sugar should be checked again, and a longer-lasting carbohydrate, like a sandwich or cereal, should be eaten to stop levels from dropping again.

Tips for Keeping Blood Sugar Levels Stable

• Monitor regularly – Checking blood sugar often helps spot patterns and make adjustments when needed.
• Balance insulin, food, and activity – Understanding how different foods and exercise affect blood sugar makes it easier to plan ahead.
• Stay prepared – Carrying snacks, glucose tablets, and testing supplies can help manage unexpected low blood sugar.
• Make small adjustments – Insulin doses may need to be changed based on activity levels, stress, or illness.

Finding What Works for You

Everyone’s body reacts differently, so managing blood sugar levels is a personal process. Some people prefer using technology like CGMs to track levels, while others find finger-prick tests work best for them. Over time, most people develop a routine that helps them feel their best.

Checking blood sugar might feel like a lot at first, but it soon becomes part of daily life. The more you understand how your body responds, the easier it becomes to keep blood sugar within a healthy range and feel in control of Type 1 Diabetes.

Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia: Understanding High and Low Blood Sugar Levels

Managing Type 1 Diabetes is all about balance. Since the body no longer produces insulin, blood sugar levels can rise too high or drop too low if not carefully monitored. Both high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) and low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) can cause serious problems if left untreated.

Learning how to recognise and respond to these blood sugar changes can help keep things under control and prevent emergencies. Knowing what to do in different situations makes managing Type 1 Diabetes much easier over time.

What is Hypoglycaemia? Understanding Low Blood Sugar

Hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar, happens when blood glucose levels drop below 4 mmol/L. This can happen if too much insulin has been taken, a meal has been skipped or delayed, or after intense exercise.

Common symptoms of hypoglycaemia include:

• Shaking or trembling
• Sweating
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy
• Hunger
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Irritability or mood changes
• Blurred vision

If blood sugar drops too low and isn’t treated quickly, it can lead to more serious symptoms, including slurred speech, seizures, or even unconsciousness.

How to Treat Low Blood Sugar

When blood sugar drops too low, it needs to be raised quickly. The best way to do this is by eating or drinking fast-acting carbohydrates.

• Glucose tablets or gels (easily absorbed and work quickly)
• Fruit juice or sugary drinks (such as non-diet cola or orange juice)
• Sweets such as jelly babies (not chocolate, as it contains fat and works too slowly)

After 10–15 minutes, blood sugar should be checked again. If it is still below 4 mmol/L, another dose of fast-acting sugar should be taken. Once levels return to normal, eating a longer-lasting carbohydrate, such as a sandwich or cereal, helps keep blood sugar stable.

What is Hyperglycaemia? Understanding High Blood Sugar

Hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar, happens when glucose levels rise above 10 mmol/L. This can happen if insulin doses are missed, too many carbohydrates are eaten without enough insulin, during illness, or due to stress.

Common symptoms of hyperglycaemia include:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Tiredness or fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Headaches

If high blood sugar levels continue for too long, it can lead to complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

How to Treat High Blood Sugar

If blood sugar levels are too high, taking the right steps quickly can help bring them back into range.

• Check for ketones – If blood sugar is high, especially over 14 mmol/L, testing for ketones is important. If ketones are present, medical help may be needed.
• Take a correction dose of insulin – This is an extra dose of insulin to bring blood sugar back down.
• Drink water – Staying hydrated helps flush out excess glucose.
• Move around – Gentle activity, such as walking, can help lower blood sugar levels, but only if ketones are not present.

The Importance of Preventing Blood Sugar Spikes and Drops

Keeping blood sugar levels stable helps prevent the long-term effects of diabetes and reduces the risk of emergencies. A few ways to help maintain balance include:

• Checking blood sugar levels regularly – This helps catch high or low levels before they become a problem.
• Adjusting insulin doses when needed – Insulin requirements change based on food, activity, and stress levels.
• Carrying fast-acting glucose – Always having something on hand to treat low blood sugar can prevent dangerous situations.
• Staying hydrated and eating balanced meals – Drinking enough water and eating at regular times can help blood sugar levels stay stable.

What to Do in a Diabetes Emergency

If hypoglycaemia becomes severe and the person is unable to eat or drink, an emergency glucagon injection may be needed to raise blood sugar levels. Family members, friends, or carers should know how to administer this if necessary.

If hyperglycaemia leads to DKA, medical help is required immediately. Signs of DKA include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, deep breathing, and fruity-smelling breath.

Learning to manage high and low blood sugar levels takes time, but with regular monitoring and small adjustments, it becomes easier. Understanding the warning signs and knowing how to act quickly can help prevent complications and keep Type 1 Diabetes under control.

How Type 1 Diabetes Affects the Body Over Time: What You Need to Know

Living with Type 1 Diabetes means managing blood sugar levels every day, but it’s also important to understand how the condition can affect the body in the long run. Keeping blood sugar within a healthy range helps prevent complications and supports overall well-being.

At first, thinking about long-term health can feel overwhelming, especially after a new diagnosis. But the good news is that with the right care and support, most people with Type 1 Diabetes live long, healthy lives. Understanding potential risks allows you to take steps to protect your health and feel more in control.

How High Blood Sugar Can Affect the Body Over Time

When blood sugar levels stay high for long periods, it can start to affect different parts of the body. This is because high glucose levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications. However, many of these complications can be prevented or delayed with good diabetes management.

Some areas of the body that can be affected include:

• Eyes (Diabetic Retinopathy) – High blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision problems. Regular eye tests help catch any issues early.
• Kidneys (Diabetic Nephropathy) – The kidneys filter waste from the blood, but high glucose levels can put extra strain on them. Keeping blood sugar and blood pressure under control helps protect kidney function.
• Nerves (Diabetic Neuropathy) – Nerve damage can cause numbness or pain, especially in the hands and feet. Checking feet regularly and wearing comfortable shoes can help prevent problems.
• Heart and Circulation – People with diabetes have a higher risk of heart disease, so keeping an eye on cholesterol, blood pressure, and staying active is important.

While this might sound worrying, many people with Type 1 Diabetes never experience serious complications. Managing blood sugar levels, staying active, eating well, and attending regular health check-ups all help keep the body healthy.

How to Protect Long-Term Health

Taking care of your health doesn’t mean being perfect every day. It’s about small, consistent efforts that add up over time. Some key ways to protect your body include:

• Checking blood sugar regularly – The more you understand your patterns, the easier it is to make adjustments.
• Taking insulin as prescribed – Even when life gets busy, sticking to a routine helps keep levels steady.
• Eating a balanced diet – No foods are completely off-limits, but learning how different foods affect blood sugar makes management easier.
• Staying active – Exercise helps improve circulation, keeps the heart healthy, and can make blood sugar levels more predictable.
• Attending regular health checks – Eye exams, foot checks, and kidney function tests can help catch any early signs of problems before they become serious.

The Role of Support in Managing Type 1 Diabetes

Living with Type 1 Diabetes is a lifelong journey, and having support makes a big difference. Whether it’s from family, friends, healthcare professionals, or online communities, knowing you’re not alone can be reassuring. Many people with Type 1 Diabetes find it helpful to connect with others who understand the daily challenges of managing the condition.

Looking Ahead: A Positive Future with Type 1 Diabetes

Decades ago, managing Type 1 Diabetes was much harder, but advances in treatment have made life with the condition much easier. Technology such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), insulin pumps, and even research into potential cures are improving the future of diabetes care.

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis does not mean life is limited. With the right management and mindset, people with Type 1 Diabetes can live long, full, and active lives. Taking care of your body and staying informed gives you the best chance of staying healthy for years to come.

Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Young Adults: Managing Life at School, Home, and Beyond

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis in childhood or early adulthood can bring a lot of changes. Parents, carers, and young people themselves often have many questions about how to balance diabetes management with everyday life. From attending school and taking part in sports to socialising with friends, there’s a lot to consider.

The good news is that with the right support, children and young adults with Type 1 Diabetes can do everything their peers do. Learning how to manage blood sugar levels and insulin while navigating school, friendships, and growing independence is key to building confidence and long-term health.

Recognising the Signs of Type 1 Diabetes in Children

Many cases of Type 1 Diabetes are diagnosed in childhood. The condition often develops quickly, with common symptoms including:

• Increased thirst
• Needing to urinate frequently, especially at night
• Unexplained weight loss
• Extreme tiredness
• Changes in mood, such as irritability

Because these symptoms can come on suddenly, many children are diagnosed when they are already unwell with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious condition that requires urgent medical treatment. This is why early diagnosis and awareness are so important.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes at School

Going to school with Type 1 Diabetes requires planning and support from teachers and staff. Schools should have a diabetes care plan in place, which covers:

• When and how blood sugar should be checked
• Insulin administration (whether by injections or an insulin pump)
• Recognising and treating high and low blood sugar levels
• Adjustments for physical activity and meal times

Teachers and school staff do not need to be medical experts, but they should have a basic understanding of diabetes management and what to do in an emergency. Parents can help by providing clear instructions and making sure their child has access to glucose tablets, snacks, and insulin when needed.

Many children with Type 1 Diabetes manage their condition independently at school, while younger children may need help from staff. Encouraging open communication between parents, teachers, and the child can make school life easier and ensure they get the support they need.

Taking Part in Sports and Activities

Having Type 1 Diabetes doesn’t mean missing out on sports, school trips, or extracurricular activities. Many professional athletes manage their diabetes while competing at the highest level. However, because exercise affects blood sugar levels, some extra planning is needed.

• Blood sugar levels should be checked before, during, and after exercise.
• Snacks may be needed before or after activity to prevent low blood sugar.
• Insulin doses may need to be adjusted on days with high levels of physical activity.
• Coaches or teachers should be aware of symptoms of low blood sugar and how to help.

Every child is different, and it can take time to learn how different activities affect blood sugar levels. Over time, managing diabetes and exercise becomes easier with experience.

Social Life and Growing Independence

One of the biggest concerns for young people with Type 1 Diabetes is how it will affect their social life. They may worry about standing out, explaining diabetes to friends, or dealing with situations like sleepovers and eating out.

Encouraging independence while providing support is important. Some helpful steps include:

• Teaching children how to recognise their own symptoms of high or low blood sugar.
• Helping them explain diabetes to friends in a simple way.
• Making sure they always have glucose tablets or snacks on hand.
• Allowing them to take on more responsibility for their insulin and blood sugar checks as they get older.

Teenagers and young adults may also face new challenges, such as managing diabetes at university or learning how alcohol affects blood sugar. Support from healthcare teams, parents, and peers can help make these transitions smoother.

Looking Ahead: A Bright Future with Type 1 Diabetes

While managing Type 1 Diabetes takes extra effort, it should never stop a child or young person from achieving their goals. With the right knowledge and support, they can live life to the fullest, take part in everything their peers do, and develop confidence in managing their health.

Many young people grow up to be strong self-advocates, balancing diabetes with careers, travel, and family life. With advances in technology, including continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps, managing Type 1 Diabetes is becoming easier than ever.

Type 1 Diabetes is just one part of life—it doesn’t define a child or their future. With the right care, support, and mindset, they can achieve anything they set their mind to.

Emergency Situations: What to Do in a Diabetes Crisis

Managing Type 1 Diabetes every day helps prevent emergencies, but sometimes unexpected situations can happen. Whether it’s severe low blood sugar, dangerously high blood sugar, or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), knowing what to do in a crisis is essential. Acting quickly can prevent serious complications and, in some cases, save a life.

Everyone with Type 1 Diabetes, as well as their family, friends, and carers, should know the signs of an emergency and how to respond. Being prepared means that if something does go wrong, it can be dealt with calmly and effectively.

Recognising a Severe Hypoglycaemic Episode

Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) happens when glucose levels drop below 4 mmol/L. Most of the time, this can be treated by eating or drinking something sugary. However, if levels continue to fall and are not treated in time, it can become a medical emergency.

Signs of severe hypoglycaemia include:

• Confusion or slurred speech
• Shaking or sweating
• Inability to eat or drink
• Loss of coordination
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness

If someone is conscious but unable to swallow, a glucagon injection should be used to raise their blood sugar quickly. If a glucagon kit is not available or they remain unresponsive, emergency medical help is needed immediately.

If someone has lost consciousness due to low blood sugar, they must never be given food or drink, as they could choke. Instead, they should be placed on their side while waiting for medical professionals to arrive.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): A Life-Threatening Emergency

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) happens when the body does not have enough insulin, causing toxic ketones to build up in the blood. This is a serious condition that requires urgent medical attention.

Signs of DKA include:

• High blood sugar (usually above 14 mmol/L)
• Ketones in the urine or blood
• Extreme thirst
• Vomiting and nausea
• Rapid breathing
• Fruity-smelling breath
• Confusion or drowsiness

If DKA is suspected, urgent medical care is needed. Left untreated, it can lead to coma or even death. DKA often develops when insulin doses are missed, during illness, or as the first sign of undiagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.

How to Prevent Diabetes Emergencies

Emergencies can be frightening, but there are ways to reduce the risk of them happening. Some key steps include:

• Checking blood sugar regularly and adjusting insulin when needed.
• Keeping a close eye on ketones if blood sugar is high.
• Carrying fast-acting glucose at all times to treat low blood sugar quickly.
• Staying hydrated and monitoring for signs of illness, as infections can raise blood sugar.
• Wearing a medical ID card that states Type 1 Diabetes and emergency contacts in case help is needed.

The Importance of Medical ID for Type 1 Diabetes

In an emergency, it is not always possible to explain that you have Type 1 Diabetes. This is why wearing a medical ID, such as a bracelet, necklace, or medical ID card, can be life-saving.

Our Type 1 Diabetes Medical ID Cards provide clear information that helps emergency responders or bystanders take the right action. They include details such as your name, that you have Type 1 Diabetes, and emergency contact numbers. Some of our cards also include space for additional medical details, such as insulin use or allergies.

Carrying a medical ID card means that even if you are unable to speak, others can still understand your condition and help appropriately. This is especially useful for children, people who live alone, or anyone travelling.

Being Prepared Brings Peace of Mind

While diabetes emergencies can happen, being prepared makes a big difference. Knowing what to do, carrying emergency supplies, and having a medical ID card can help ensure the right care is given quickly.

With good management and awareness, most people with Type 1 Diabetes can avoid serious emergencies. But if one does happen, staying calm, acting quickly, and having the right support in place can make all the difference.

Living Well with Type 1 Diabetes: Support, Resources, and Moving Forward

We hope this article has helped you understand more about Type 1 Diabetes and how to manage it. Whether you or a loved one has been newly diagnosed or you’ve been living with the condition for some time, having the right information and support makes all the difference. Type 1 Diabetes may require daily management, but with the right tools, knowledge, and mindset, life can be full and rewarding.

If you are looking for ways to stay safe and prepared, our Type 1 Diabetes Medical ID Cards can help. In an emergency, having clear medical information available can make sure you receive the right care quickly. Our cards are designed to be carried every day and provide essential details about your condition, including emergency contacts and insulin use. We also offer awareness cards that can help explain Type 1 Diabetes to others, making life a little easier in social or professional situations.

You can explore our full range of medical and awareness cards on our website, where you’ll find practical solutions to help with daily diabetes management. We also make cards for Type 2 Diabetes as well which you can find here.

Moving Forward with Confidence

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis may feel overwhelming at first, but it doesn’t define who you are. Millions of people around the world manage their diabetes while working, travelling, playing sports, and achieving their dreams. With the right support and routine, it becomes just another part of life.

No one has to face Type 1 Diabetes alone. There are doctors, nurses, dietitians, support groups, and online communities ready to help. With new technology and research making diabetes management easier every year, the future is full of possibilities.

By staying informed, taking care of yourself, and reaching out for support when needed, you can live life to the fullest. Type 1 Diabetes is part of your journey, but it will never be the thing that holds you back.

Helpful Resources for People with Type 1 Diabetes in the UK

Being diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes comes with a lot of questions, but you don’t have to figure everything out on your own. There are many organisations across the UK that offer support, advice, and resources to help people manage their condition with confidence. Whether you’re looking for medical guidance, emotional support, or connections with others who understand what you’re going through, these resources can make a big difference.

Diabetes UK

Diabetes UK is the leading charity supporting people with diabetes in the UK. Their website is packed with reliable information on managing Type 1 Diabetes, including diet, exercise, and insulin therapy. They also offer a free helpline, online forums, and local support groups where people can connect with others who have similar experiences. Diabetes UK also funds vital research into new treatments and future cures for diabetes.

Breakthrough T1D UK

Breakthrough T1D UK is dedicated to supporting people with Type 1 Diabetes and funding research into better treatments and, ultimately, a cure. They provide clear, science-backed information on diabetes management, including the latest developments in insulin technology and glucose monitoring. They also organise events for families, children, and adults with Type 1 Diabetes, helping to create a strong and supportive community.

NHS Diabetes Support

The NHS website offers a comprehensive guide to Type 1 Diabetes, including symptoms, treatment options, and long-term health advice. It also provides information on getting free prescriptions, accessing specialist diabetes clinics, and finding out what care to expect from the NHS. For those newly diagnosed, the NHS website is a great place to start for reliable medical advice.

Diabetes UK Online Community

The Diabetes UK Online Community is a welcoming space where people with Type 1 Diabetes can ask questions, share experiences, and support each other. Moderated by Diabetes UK, the forums cover everything from blood sugar management to dealing with diabetes burnout. Whether you're looking for practical advice or just someone who understands, this community offers a safe and friendly environment.

The Bertie Online Course

Bertie is an online education programme designed to help people with Type 1 Diabetes gain confidence in managing their condition. Created by NHS diabetes specialists, it covers essential topics such as insulin adjustment, carb counting, and preventing complications. It’s a great resource for anyone looking to improve their knowledge of diabetes and take control of their health.

Having access to reliable information and support networks can make a huge difference when adjusting to life with Type 1 Diabetes. These organisations offer guidance, community, and reassurance, helping people to live well with the condition.